MUMPS

·         Caused by RNA virus (Genus- Paramyxovirus)

·         Most common cause of aseptic meningitis in children.

·         Most cases- 5-15 yrs (infants are immune due to transplacental transmitted maternal antibodies)

·         ↑incidence in winter & spring.

·         Predilection for- salivary glands & nervous tissue [Other organs- breast, liver, joints & heart]

·         Reservoir of infection- Man

·         No carrier state

·         Mode of transmission- direct contact, air-borne droplets, fomites (contaminated with saliva & urine)

·         Secondary infection rate- 80%

·         Infection confers life-long immunity.

·         Clinical features-

o   Incubation period- 2-4 weeks

o   Constitutional symptoms- fever, malaise, headache

o   Unilateral/Bilateral parotitis - earache, jaw tenderness, dry mouth, swelling at the angle of the jaw

o   Epididymo-orchitis-

§  Occurs 1-2 wks after parotitis

§  More common in adolescents & post pubertal men.

§  Most common presentation- unilateral enlarged & tender testis

o   CNS involvement

§  Aseptic meningitis

§  Encephalitis

§  Auditory nerve damage

§  Cerebellar ataxia

§  Facial neuritis

§  Transverse myelitis

§  GBS

·         Diagnosis

o   Serum amylase ↑

o   Isolation of virus- Tissue culture inoculated with throat washings/urine/CSF

o   ELISA/Hemagglutination Test (Antibodies to S & V antigens of mumps virus)

·         Complications-

o   Pancreatitis

o   Mastitis

o   Myocarditis

o   Oophoritis

o   Nephritis